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Secondary Causation〔“Causality Primary and Secondary”, Mariano Artigas, Encyclopedia of Science and Religion, ©2003 Gale Cengage; online at http://www.enotes.com/causality-primary-secondary-reference/causality-primary-secondary〕〔“Kant’s Theory of Divine and Secondary Causation” , Des Hogan, University of California at San Diego; online at http://philosophy.ucsd.edu/_files/facultysites/watkins-conference/hogan.pdf;〕〔“Causation as a Secondary Quality”, Peter Menzies and Huw Price, Brit. J. Phil. Sci., 44 (1993), 187-203.〕 is the philosophical proposition that all material and corporeal objects, having been created by God with their own intrinsic potentialities, are subsequently empowered to evolve independently in accordance with natural law. Traditional Christians would slightly modify this injunction to allow for the occasional miracle as well as the exercise of free will. Deists who deny any divine interference past the creation event would only accept free will exceptions. That the physical universe is consequentially well-ordered, consistent, and knowable subject to human observation and reason, was a primary theme of Scholasticism and further molded into the philosophy of the Western Tradition by Augustine and later by Aquinas. Secondary causation has been suggested as a necessary precursor for scientific inquiry into an established order of natural laws which are not entirely predicated on the changeable whims of a supernatural Being.〔Huff, Toby E. The Rise of Early Modem Science: Islam, China and the West, Cambridge University Press, (2003).〕 Nor does this create a conflict between science and religion for, given a Creator, it is not inconsistent with the paradigm of a clockwork universe. It does however remove logical contradictions concerning the unfettered expression of man’s free will which would otherwise require not just God’s acquiescence but rather His direct intervention to implement. ==Opposing Philosophies of Volunteerism and Occasionalism against Secondary Causation== According to the Jewish Torah which brought down the original idea in Genesis, the phrase "free will" is a mistranslation from the Torah, rather what humans are given is "freedom to choose". Freedom to choose to do God's Will at all times even though God gave us a good inclination and a not-good inclination to use in choosing, we are told "Therefore choose life". Occasionalism itself was derived from the earlier school of thought of “volunteerism” emanating from Al-Ash'ari who held that every particle in the universe must be constantly recreated each instant by God’s direct intervention. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Secondary causation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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